Apparatus for permanently waving hair on the human head



June 16, 1953 J. 5. CIPOLLA 2,542,072

APPARATUS FOR PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR ON HUMAN HEAD I Filed Jan. 14.1950 INVENTOR- O5FPH GP H BY ATTORNEY 1 copending application forj'zsoss'z dated May 2 .,December 27, 1948, now

, apparatus of: the particularly useful I Patented June 1953 APPARATUSFOR PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR ON THE HUMAN HEAD Joseph S.

Frank J Hale, New Y 'Cipolla, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to I ork, N. Y.,as trustee for Frank J. Hale, John- Garvey, .Marianne An-' drews, andJoseph S. Cipolla Application January 14, 1950, ser'ia1 No. 138,638

12 Claims. 1

This invention relates to an apparatus for per- 'rnanently waving hairon thehuman; head. The present invention is a continuation-in-part of myfor Hair Waving, Serial No. {14,725, filed March 13, 1948, now UnitedStates Letters Patent No.

v manently Waving Hair,

United State Letters i Patent No. 2,508,375., datedMay 23, 1950. v

Itis an object of my invention to provide an character described whichis whose use a comparatively unskilled person can give either herself orsomeone else a'permanent wave of professional appearance.

It is another object otmy invention to provide apparatus of thecharacter described which -of an'inherently simple construction andisextremely easy to use.

i It is another objectof my invention to provide an apparatus of thecharacter described through whose use the hair ispermanently waved inring- -let form, whereby not only is the first setting operationeliminated, but the basic wave is of the proper shape and character forsubsequent setting operations, this being in contrast tothe for homewaving and through Method and Means,

3, 1950, and is a division of I my copending application for Apparatusfor Berand illustrated, and of which the scope of application vvill beindicated in the appended claims.

- In the accompanying drawings in which is shown one of the,various'possible embodiments of my invention.

Fig. v1 is a perspectiveview of a waving unit embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line22 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 3 through 6 are perspective views of the unit at successive stagesof a waving operation; an

Fig. '7 is a perspective view of a form of element designed for use inconjunction with the waving unit of'Fig. 1. I

Referring now indetail to the drawings, and more particularly to Figs. 1through '7, the reference numeral denotes a waving unit embodying myinvention, said unit comprising a quill 52 of relatively rigid material,for example, a stiff plastic which is inert to the chemicals used in thehair waving process. The unit also includes spiral and Croquign-olewaves heretofore imparted which had to 'be reset aftercompletion-ofwaving.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus-of thecharacter described through -whose use the hair tresses are kept wounduntil a disc 54 of a flexible resilient material, 1. e. an elastomer asrubber or any one of the well known elastomeric pl-astics, e. g. apolyethylene plastic.

The quill 52 is hollow and is provided with a single flange, to wit, aflange 55 at the end of the quill which engages the disc. This flange isdesigned'to prevent the quill from accidentally becoming disengaged fromthe disc.

The dischas a central opening 58 with'a diameterequal' to or slightlysmaller than the outer diameter of the quill adjacent the flange 56,

a later stage of operations than ever reached before in permanentwaving, whereby the permanency of the wave is enhanced. I It is anotherobject of my invention to provide an apparatus of the characterdescribed whichis specially adapted to be employed in-conjunctio'n Ywith cold wave processes. 'It is another object of my inventiontoprovide an apparatus of the character described in which curls can bewound in any desired direction, -i.j e. clockwise or counterclockwise.It is an additional-object of my invention. to provide an apparatus ofthe character. described through whose use curls may be wound with easeright up to the scalp.

Other objects ofmyinvention will in part obvious and in part will bepointed out hereinafter.

My invention accordingly consists in .the features of construction, 'andarrangements of .parts whichjwill beexempli+ fled in the constructionshereinafter described combinations of elements whereby, when the quillis disposed in said opening, it will be frictionally engaged by the sidewalls thereof and .thus be detained in any given angular position withrespect to the disc.

In order to avoidworking to too close tolerances with the internaldiameter of the opening 58 and outer diameter of the quill 52, I providesaid disc with a series of through slots 60 which may be of arcuateshape and are disposed a short distanceaway from the opening. More thanone of these slots may be provided, as indicated, and

the same are arranged concentrically about the center of said opening58. Said slots permit the walls of said opening-to give slightly so thatthe actual size of the opening is not critical. With a 2,642,072 ff? 1.;If

with and near the opening 58. The arcuate section runs into a radiallyextending reach 65 which terminates at a portion 66 which is of suchshape as to define a tab 68 with a narrow base it. The slit runs fromthe tab to the periphery of the disc. The tab thus is in one piece withthe part of the disc at one side of the slit 62 and the mating openingfor receiving the tab is on the part of the disc at the other side ofthe slit. Said tab is designed to be snugly fitted into its matingopening, whereby whenthetab is, dis,-

wound tress wet with a neutralizing solution,

posed in said opening the two partsof the disc.

on opposite sides of the slit 62 .will be detachably engaged and thus beableQto 'hold the base f of a tress securely in place.

tab side, of the slit 62 may be provided with a slight radiallyextending projection 12 whereby a user of the waving unit easily is ableto locate the slit 62 when it cannot easily be seen in a mirror.

Desirably, and for a purpose which Wills-soon be apparent, the outersurfaceof the quill may taper very slightly from its free end toadjacent the flange 56. This taper is so slight that it hardly can benoticed in Fig. 2. Said taper is such that the outside diameter of thequill adjacent the fiange 56 is about equal to the inside diameter ofthe quill adjacent the free end 14 thereof.

The wavingunit 50 is designed to be employed in conjunction with arubber or rubber-like element [6 which comprises an elongated barportion l8 and a plug part 80 which is adapted to be snugly fitted intothe hollow free end 14 of the.

quill. The bar portion 18 is'approximately equal in length to thediameter of the'disc 54.

The waving unit 50 is employed as follows. The hair on a head 82 firstis blocked off as indicated in Fig. 3 so as to'subdividethe hair into 'agroup of tresses having a desired base configuration. As illustrativeherein, the base configuration of the tress is approximately square.However, it may be somewhat elongated and even considerably elongated.Nevertheless, in the preferred form of my invention,wherein the hair ispermanently waved in the form of ringlets, I have found that the mostsatisfactory results are obtained where the base of thetress is notconsiderably elongated sit would be, for example, in Croquignole waving.r Y

Each tress-is wettedwith a conventional socalled cold wave softeninglotion which is combed through the tress toinsure even distribution.Many such solutions arewell known to the art. Mention is made here, onlyby way of example, of a typical softeningsolution, to wit, oneprincipally including a reducing agent such as ammonium thioglycollate.The distal end of the tress then is caught on the quill near its freeend 14 as shown in Fig. 3 and the quill and disc rotated together aboutthe axis of the quill toward the base of the tress. Thereupon, the quilland disc are turned through an angle of, 90

with respect to an axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the quillto bring the disc substantially parallel to the scalp as shown in Fig.4. The disc then is manipulated to spread apart the two portionsonopposite. sides of the slit 62 I5- The portion of the disc on'eitherside, e. g. the I e. g. an oxidizing solution. After this, the quill isturned a short distance in a direction reverse to the winding directionand a second application of the neutralizing solution made.

Then the plug 80 of the element 16 (Fig. 4) is introduced into the freeend 14 of the quill andthe disc is forced up along the quill towards theplug spreading slightly as it does due to the flare'of the quill, untilthe disc finally leaves the free end of the quill and frictionally en-The position of the parts at this time is indicated in Fig. 5 fromwhichit will be seen that this action results in disengaging the quill.Next the disc and wound strand are set back against the scalp."This-mannerof disengaging'the quill results in flattening the woundstrand between the bar 18 and disc 54 so thatas theneutralizingsolutiontakes effect it will cause the'wound tress to be permanently ;waved inringlet form.

It will be observed that the unit at this time simply consists of thedisc and element 16, both of these being quite close to the scalp andboth being of a soft flexible material so that not only is it convenientto walk around with these Waving units on the head, but the patron alsois able to sleep without too much discomfort while such waving units arein place.

It may-be pointed out that the quill can be disengaged from the wavingunit as above described either before the wound-.tress has been wettedwith aneutralizingsolution or thereafter and the base of .the tress is,introduced into the arcuate section 64. Thereafter, the tab 68 is forcedback-into its mating opening and the disc and before the neutralizingsolution has completed its task. Also, if desired, and either. be foreor after the neutralizing solution is applied, the tress may be rinsedwith clean lukewarm water as by spraying or pouring overthe wound tress.

.I have found that the. setting, i. e..neutralizing solution, is notinstantaneous inits actionand therefore if, after such a solution isapplied to thewound tress, said tress is flattened against the disc asabove set forth and the flattened tressleft in this condition for aperiod of time,

say 15 minutes to one-half hour, or evenlonger,

while the tress dries, the tress will be permanently waved either inringlet form or in a form approaching ringlet form. The longer the tressis left inthe condition indicated in Fig. 6 the closer the permanently.waved tress will assume aringlet form. 5 Moreover, by. permitting, the

tress to dry in a ringlet form it will be set in such form therebyeliminating the step of setting the hair in ringlets subsequent topermanent waving.

Inlieu of employing an element 16 such as described, .a metal element(Fig. 7) may be used, said element consisting of a strip of spring steelor other resilient metallic material bent to form an elongated portion921 with return bends 94 at its opposite ends extending into legs. 96which terminate in parallel arms 98 running at 90 tothefelongated'portionzti92. The arms have flared tips I00 which are designed tofrictionally engage the exteriorof the hollow tical use.

eemaove gage the. underside of the disc tobetter hold the A disc andelement together.

Although it is proposed tosell allof the com- [ponent elementsofthehairwaving unit as a combination, it is to be understood that, in-

dividual component elements-can be sold as re-' placementpartsgfor usewith other component elements of the unit.

;;It.thus--1willibe seen; that :Ihave provided an apparatus whichachieves the several objects of my invention and meets the condition ofpracvarious possible embodiments might be made of the above invention,and as various changesmight'be made in the embodiment above set forth,it isto be'understood that all matter herein described, or shown in theaccompanying drawings, it to be interpretedas illustrative and not in alimiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent:

1. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated quill and aflexible disc, said'disc having a through opening, said quill beingfrictionally received in said openingso as'to be rotatable with respectto the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against thefrictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, saiddisc having a through slit to receive a tress of hair wound helicallyalong the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of thetress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at thedisc, said slit extending from adjacent said opening to the periphery ofthe disc, and a projection extending away from the periphery of the discadjacent the slit.

2. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated quill and aflexible disc, said disc having a through opening, said quill beingfrictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respectto the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against thefrictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, saiddisc having a through slit to receive a tress of hair wound helicallyalong the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of thetress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at thedisc, said split extending from adjacent said opening to the peripheryof the disc, one edge of said slit being shaped in the form of a lockingtab and the other edge in the shape of a mating recess whereby theportions of said disc on opposite sides of said slit may be detachablysecured to one another.

3. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated quill and aflexible resilient disc, said disc having a through opening, said quillbeing frictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable withrespect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against thefrictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, saiddisc having a-through slit to receive a tress of hair wound helicallyalong the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of thetress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at thedisc,

said slit extending from adjacent said opening to the periphery of thedisc, said disc having at least one through aperture adjacent saidopening receivequills of varying diameter.

4. For use in conjunction'with a quill having an end thereof rotatablyreceived in an opening in a disc, said quill being adapted to have woundthereon from its free end to its end adjacent the disc, a helical tressof hair: an element hav- 7 ing an elongated portion and aportion normalthereto and intermediate the ends of the elongated portion, said lastnamed portion being constructed to frictionally engage the quilladjacent the end oppositefrom the disc, and said gelongated portionbeing adapted to flatten-and press the flattened wound tress against thedisc. 5. An element as set forth in claim 4 wherein 'the second-namedportion is provided with a pair of spaced legs to engage the exterior ofthe free end of the quill, 1

6. An element as set forth in claim 4 for the use in conjunction with aquill having a hollow free end, the second'named portion of said elementbeing constructed to frictionally engagethe interior of the hollow endof the quill.

7. In combination, a waving unit comprising an elongated quill and aflexible disc, said disc having a through opening, said quill beingfrictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respectto the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against thefrictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, saidquill having its free end hollow, said disc having a through slit toreceive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quillfrom the distal to the proximal endof the tress and from the free end ofthe quill to the end of the quill at the disc, said slit extending fromadjacent said opening to the periphery of the disc, and an elementhaving an elongated portion and means intermediate the ends of saidelongated portion for frictionally engaging said hollow end of thequill.

8. In combination, a waving unit comprising an elongated quill and aflexible disc, said disc having a through opening, said quill beingfrictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respectto the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against thefrictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, saiddisc having a through slit said slit extending from adjacent saidopening to the periphery of the disc, said quill of about the samediameter from the free end thereof to the disc to enable the disc to beslid along and off the quill, and'an element having an elongated portionand a'portion detachably engaging the free end of the quill andengageable in the opening of the disc, whereby said disc may be slidalong the quill until it engages the second named portion of saidelement and thereafter said quill may be freed from said disc and thewound tress held flattened between said element and said Y disc.

9.For use in conjunction with a waving unit comprising in combination anelongated quill and a flexible disc, said disc having a through opening,said quill-being frictionally received in said opening so as to berotatable with respect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of thequill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the openingagainst the quill, said disc having a through slit to receive a tress ofhair wound helically along the length of the quill from the distal tothe proximal end of the tress and from the free end of the quill to theend of the quill at the disc: an element having an elongated portion anda portion detachably engaging the free end of the quill and engageablein the opening of the disc whereby said disc may be slid along the quilluntil it engages the second named portion of said element and thereaftersaid quill may be freed from said disc and the Wound tress heldflattened between said element and said disc.

'10. An element as set forth in claim 9 for use with a quill having ahollow free end, the second named portion of said element comprising amember perpendicular to the first named portion and frictionallyreceivable in the hollow end 0! the quill.

11. A thin flexible disc for use in permanently waving hair on the humanhead, said disc having a through circular aperture and a through slitwhichextends from adjacent said aperture to the periphery of the disc,and a projection integral with and extending radially away from theperiphery of the disc adjacent the slit.

12 A thin flexible disc for use in permanently waving hair on the humanhead, said disc hav- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITEDSTATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,001,238 Boals sl May 14, 19352,173,872 Barnes Sept. 26, 1939 2,397,908 Altman Apr. 9, 1946 FOREIGNPATENTS Number Country Date 421,453 Great Britain Dec. 20, 1934

